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Orchomenus (Arcadia)
Orchomenus or Orchomenos (Greek: ) was an ancient city of Arcadia, Greece, called by Thucydides (v. 61) the Arcadian Orchomenus (), to distinguish it from the Boeotian town. Its ruins are near the modern village of Orchomenos (before 1963: Καλπάκι - ''Kalpaki''〔(Name changes of settlements in Greece )〕).
==Situation==
It was situated in a plain surrounded on every side by mountains. This plain was bounded on the south by a low range of hills, called Anchisia, which separated it from the territory of Mantineia; on the north by a lofty chain, called Oligyrtus, through which lie the passes into the territories of Pheneus and Stymphalus; and on the east and west by two parallel chains running from north to south, which bore no specific name in antiquity: the eastern range is in one part high, and the western about . The plain is divided into two by hills projecting on either side from the eastern and western ranges, and which approach so close as to allow space for only a narrow ravine between them. The western hill, on account of its rough and rugged form, was called Trachy () in antiquity; upon the summit of the western mountain stood the acropolis of Orchomenus. The northern plain is lower than the southern; the waters of the latter run through the ravine between Mount Trachy and that upon which Orchomenus stands into the northern plain, where, as there is no outlet for the waters, they form a considerable lake.〔Pausanias. ''Description of Greece'', viii. 13. § 4.〕 The acropolis of Orchomenus, stood upon a lofty, steep, and insulated hill, nearly high, resembling the strong fortress of the Messenian Ithome, and, like the latter, commanding two plains.
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